ad hoc : formed, arranged, or done for a particular purpose only.
adiabatic : without change in heat
adjective : /a'djective/ a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically
related to a noun to modify or describe it.
advection : 平流 the transfer of heat or matter by the flow of a fluid, especially horizontally
in the atmosphere or the sea.
affiliate : associate, partner, colleague, a person or organization officially attached to
a larger body.
analogy : 打个比方a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their
structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
annotate : gloss, add footnotes to, interpret, explain
archy : 君主国
as-semble : 组合(of people) gather together in one place
for a common purpose.
assimilate : incorporate, take in, absorb
attire : clothes, especially fine or formal ones. be dressed in clothes of a
specified kind.
axes : plural of axis
axis : line around which shape is symmetrical
axle : shaft on which wheel turns
ax : tool for cutting, job loss, termination
baric : 气压
bear : (of a person) carry. 承担
bearer : 负担者 a person or thing that carries or holds something.
Belgium : 比利时bias : prejudice, partiality, unfairness, favoritism
bolt : short screw, bar for fastening door
by a long shot : by a wide margin, indicates a big difference / disparity
caulk : 填缝 seal (a gap or seam) with a waterproof filler and sealant.
coil : loop, curl, spiral, twirl, helix, whirl
collaboration : teamwork, partnership, group effort, alliance
collocate : place side by side
compare to : is to suggest resemblances between things having essentially
DIFFERENT natures
compare with : is to suggest resemblances between things having essentially
SIMILAR natures
conjugate : coupled, connected, or related, in particular.
continent : land mass, land above sea level, able to control urination and bowels
(intestine, the deepest or innermost part of something)
consensus : general agreement
contagious : 传染性 (of a disease) spread from one person or organism to another
by direct or indirect contact.
correlate : associate, compare, show a relationship, link
côté d'ivoire : /'ka:t^di'va:/科特迪瓦
denote : 记be a sign of; indicate.
determinant : a factor that decisively affects the nature of outcome of something
diagnose : identify cause of something, identify illness in patient
diagnosis : analysis, judgement, finding, verdict
difference : dissimilarity, disparity, distinction, divergence
diffusion : the spreading of something more widely.
disassemble : 拆卸 take (something) apart.
discretize : 近似化 represent or approximate (a quantity or series) using
a discrete quantity or quantities.
dissemination : the act of spreading something, especially
information, widely; circulation.
dissertation : 论文 a long essay on a particular subject, esp. one written as a requirement
for the Doctor of Philosophy degree.
electrical : operating by or producing electricity. 电动
electronic : (of a device) having or operating with the aid of many small components, esp.
microchips and transistors, that control and direct an electric current. 电子
en-semble : 合奏 group, collection, together
epidemic : 疫情 a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at
a particular time.
essay : 作文 a short piece of writing on a particular subject.
et al. : abbr. Latin et alii (and others)
evolution : 进化 the gradual development of something, esp. from a simple to a more
complex form.
exert : put forth, use, apply
extrude : push substance out through small hole
facilitate : make easy, ease, help, aid, assist 方便
flange : 轮缘 a projecting flat rim, collar, or rib on an object,
serving to strengthen or attach or (on a wheel) to maintain
position on a rail.
foe: enemy or opponent
framework : an essential supporting structure of a building,
vehicle, or object.
fringe: edge, periphery, brink, rim, side, margin.
gasket : 垫片 a shaped piece or ring of rubber or other material sealing the junction
between two surfaces in an engine or other device.
genre : 流派 a category of artistic composition, as in music
or literature, characterized by similarities in form,
style, or subject matter.
geography : topography, natural features, characteristics, layout
grace period : 宽限期 is a time past the deadline for an obligation during which
a late penalty that would have been imposed is waived.
graph : chart, diagram, grid, table
graphic : explicit, lifelike, realistic, vivid
graupel : small soft white ice particles that fall as hail or snow
guts : fortitude, resilience, backbone, courage
harness : tie together, strap up, bind, attach, connect
havoc: lay waste to, devastate, widespread destruction.
heterogeneous : varied, mixed, assorted, diverse
hire : 聘请
hirarchy : 等级制度 a system or organization in which people or groups are
ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
homogeneous : uniform, all the same, harmonized, consistent
hub : center, core, heart, focal point, focus, nucleus ( important element )
hydrometeor : any water or ice particles that have formed in atmosphere or at the Earth's
surface as a result of condensation or sublimation.
hydrometeor : water in atmosphere
hydro : water 流体
hydrodynamics: 流体力学
hydrostatics : 流体静力学
hygrometer : an instrument to measure humidity
hydrometeor : 水凝 an atmospheric phenomenon or entity involving water or water
vapor, such as rain or a cloud.
hyper : behaving in an excited and nervous way
hy'pothesis: suppose, guess, assumption
infectious : 传染病 (of a disease or disease-causing organism) likely to be
transmitted to people, organisms, etc., through the environment.
inflict: cause to be suffered by someone or something
influenza : 流感 a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages
causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often
occurring in epidemics.
infrastructure : the basic physical and organizational structures
and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies)
needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
innovation : 1.something new or different introduced: numerous innovations in the
high-school curriculum. 2.the act of innovating; introduction of new
things or methods.
instant : a precise moment of time.(noun)
intrude : break in, infringe (break a law, rule, or agreement)
isle : island
iso : 异
isobaric : 等压 equal or constant pressure, with respect to either space or time.
isotherm : 等温线 equal temperature
isotropic : 各向同性
justifiable : 正当 able to be shown to be right or reasonable; defensible.
lapse : an accidental or temporary decline or deviation from an expected or accepted
condition or state; a temporary falling or slipping from a previous standard:
a lapse of justice.
latent : dormant, hidden, inactive, sleeping
lateral : side, on the side, cross, sideway
levy : tax, charge, impose, exact, cause
lodge : cabin, hotel, stay, accomodate
manifesto : 宣言 a public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued
before an election by a political party or candidate.
mason : a builder and worker in stone.
masonry : stonework.
module : element, component, part, unit
mortar : 1. used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wall. 2. a cup-shaped receptacle
made of hard material, in which ingredients are crushed or ground, used
especially in cooking or pharmacy. 3. a short, smoothbore gun for firing
shells (technically called bombs) at high angles
normalize : multiply (a series, function, or item of data) by a factor that makes the
norm or some associated quantity such as an integral equal to a desired
value (usually 1).
notate : 符号表示 write (something, typically music) in notation.
oakum : 麻絮 loose fiber obtained by untwisting old rope, used especially in
caulking wooden ships.
occlude : stop, close up, or obstruct (an opening, orifice, or passage).堵塞
optimal : best, most favorable, best possible
orography : the branch of physical geography dealing with mountains.
the study or mapping of relief, esp of mountains
orthogonal : pertaining to or involving right angles or perpendiculars: an orthogonal
projection. (of a linear transformation) defined so that the length of
a vector/point under the transformation equals the length of the original
vector. (dxu: a point moving from a place to another place with distance
to origin unchanged.)
outreach : help and advice provided without people asking
overlay : palce on top, overlie, spared over the surface
pane : 窗格 a single sheet of glass in a window or door.
panel : 面板 a flat or curved component, typically rectangular, that forms or is set into
the surface of a door, wall, or ceiling.
per'diem : for each day. Used after an amount of money to mean "for each day"
perplex : bewilder, confuse, puzzle, baffle, confound, mystify
perturbation : to disturb or disquiet greatly in mind; agitate. to throw into great
disorder; derange.
pin : hold, fasten, attach, badge, brooch
polarization : cause division of opinion, restrict vibration of light, cause light to
vibrate within a particular plane
procure : obtain, acquire, secure, buy, gain
procurement : the action of obtaining or procuring something
prone to : likely to, given to, inclined to, tend to
propagate : breed specimens of (a plant, animal, etc.) by natural processes from the
parent stock spread and promote (an idea, theory, etc.) widely.
psychrometer : an instrument consisting of two thermomenters
purge : wash out, cleanse, flush out
qualitative : relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather
than its quantity.
quantitative : relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather
than its quality.
radio : the use of electromagnetic waves to transmit and receive information
recap : (noun)a summary of what has been said; a recapitulation.
(verb) state again as a summary; recapitulate.
regression : weakening, failure, decay, falling off
revolution : complete circular turn, overthrow of government, major change
RH : relative humidity
rim : 轮圈 the upper or outer edge of an object, typically something circular or
approximately circular.
RPM : revolutions per minute
savvy : know-how, confidence, knowledge
scale : level, weighing machine, size, range, extent, dimension
scrum : ( restart a play ) an ordered formation of players, used to
restart play, in which the forwards of a team form up with
arms interlocked and heads down, and push forward against
a similar group from the opposing side.
seminar : class, tutorial, discussion group, round table
simulate : replicate, reproduce, copy, imitate, mimic
skirmish : 前哨战 an episode of irregular or unpremeditated fighting, especially
between small or outlying parts of armies or fleets.
sling : throw away
snap : break, crack, sudden
socket : shaped hole for connection, outlet
solute : 溶质 the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
solvent weld : 溶剂 the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
spectroscopy : study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. the
science and practice of using spectrometers and spectroscopes and of
analysing spectra, the methods employed depending on the radiation
being examined.
stochastic : /sto'kastic/ 随机 randomly determined; having a random probability
distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be
predicted precisely.
swath : the width cut by a single passage of a scythe or mowing machinestratify :
form into layers, form into status groups
streamline : 简化, design or provide with a form that presents very little
resistance to a flow of air or water, increasing speed and
ease of movement.(of fluid flow) free from turbulence. to make
(something) simpler, more effective, or more productive
(from complicate to SIMPLER)
submerge: cause to be under water
suppress : overpower, conquer, overturn, dominate
surrogate : a substitute, esp. a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
synopsis : a brief summary or general survey of something.
synoptic : the analysis and prediction of large-scale weather systems, such as
extratropical cyclones and their associated fronts and jet streams.
spasm : 痉挛 a sudden involuntary muscular contraction or
convulsive movement.
tale : a story or report that is untrue
tailgate : drive too closely behind another vehicle
temporal : relating to time, brief
thermal : 热
topography : scenery, landscape, geography, countryside
transform : change, alter
transpose : to change the relative position, order, sequence of ,
(of a matrix) to interchange rows and columns
trajectory : the path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the
action of given forces.
turbulent : characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm.
underlie/underlying : The obvious meaning of underlying refers to something beneath
something else. But the word carries a more subtle meaning,
that of something hidden but important, something that shapes
the meaning or effect of something else, without being explicit
itself.
usher : 招待员 a person who shows people to their seats,
especially in a theater or at a wedding.
variational : the act, process, or accident of varying in condition, character, or degree.
a different form of something; variant.
verbose: in details vorticity : a measure of the circulation of a fluid: a quantity equal to twice the angular
momentum of a particle of the fluid around which there is circulation.
voyage : long journey involving travel by sea or in space
weld : join together (metal pieces or parts) by heating the surfaces to the point of
melting using a blowtorch, electric arc, or other means, and uniting them by
pressing, hammering, etc..
Cardiology 心脏病
Chiropractic Medicine 整脊医学
Dermatology 皮肤科
Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) 耳，鼻，喉
Family Practice 家庭实践
Gastroenterology 胃肠病
General Practice 一般的做法
Internal Medicine 内科
Obstetrics/Gynecology 产科/妇科
Orthopedics 骨科
Pediatrics 儿科
Podiatry 足部
Surgery 手术
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